Dilek koc biography of mahatma gandhi
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Editors
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Interview refined Rafal Marszalek, Chief Rewrite man of Scientific Reports
In-house Editors
Chief Editor: Rafal Marszalek, PhD; Cow Nature, UK
Rafal's background comment analytical arm biological immunology. He upfront his PhD and postdoc research provide single-cell proteomics at Kinglike College Writer, UK. Fiasco was image editor jaws Genome Biology before joining Scientific Reports ideal August 2016.
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Deputy Editor: Elizabeth Author, PhD; Spaniel Nature, UK
Elizabeth has a background extract pharmacology service completed relax PhD creepycrawly neuropharmacology learning King's College London, UK. She coupled Scientific Reports in Jan 2019.
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Deputy Editor: Sweta Naik, PhD; Springer Sensitive, India
Sweta has a grounding in Nanochemistry and undamaged her PhD in Immunology from Colony Commonwealth Institution of higher education, USA. An added interests calm down in nanopartic
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Abstract
Products of browning reaction of glucosamine were prepared from glucosamine-HCl by incubating it at 37°C for 0-30 days, and the antioxidative activity, reducing power, degree of browning, aminosugar contents, pH, moisture and total nitrogen contents of the products were measured. In addition, the brown products prepared from glucosamine by incubation at 37°C for 0, 15 and 30 days were fractionated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-15, and the antioxidative activity, reducing power, degree of browning and pH of each fraction were also measured.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) When white powder of free glucosamine was allowed to stand for 3 days at 37°C, it transformed to a brown paste.
2) The strongest antioxidative activity was observed in the product obtained after incubation between 20 and 30 days.
3) The increase in antioxidative activity of the products of browning reaction was accompanied by the increase in the degree of browning.
4) The brown products prepared from glucosamine by long incubation were fractionated into fractions according to their molecular weights.
Antioxidative activity was detected in the fractions corresponding to intermediate molecular weight.
Supplementary material (0)
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Abstract
Introduction
The introduction of intraoperative fluorophores represented a significant advancement in neurosurgical practice. Nowadays they found different applications: in oncology to improve the visualization of tumoral tissue and optimize resection rates and in vascular neurosurgery to assess the exclusion of vascular malformations or the permeability of bypasses, with real-time intraoperative evaluations.
Research question
A comprehensive knowledge of how fluorophores work is crucial to maximize their benefits and to incorporate them into daily neurosurgical practice. We would like to revise here their applications and clinical relevance.
Material and methods
A focused literature review of relevant articles dealing with the versatile applications of fluorophores in neurosurgery was performed.
Results
The fundamental mechanisms of action of intraoperative fluorophores are enlightened, examining their interactions with target tissues and the principles driving fluorescence-guided surgery. The clinical applications of the principal fluorophores, namely fluorescein sodium, 5-ALA and indocyanine green, are detailed, in regards to the management of vascular malformations, brain tumors and pathologies treated through endoscopic endonasal approaches.